The Role of Gender in Fostering Interest in Entrepreneurship in Indonesia
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Mar 19, 2024
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Abstract
Gender in entrepreneurship is an important issue. This research aims to determine the role of gender in the influence of entrepreneurial knowledge on entrepreneurial interest, which is mediated by entrepreneurial attitudes and subjective entrepreneurial norms. The respondents in this research were 156 active Strata-1 students, 115 female students, and 41 male students. The research method used is quantitative with a Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) approach. The main limitation of this research is that it only examines the role of gender in the influence of entrepreneurial knowledge on entrepreneurial interest, which is mediated by entrepreneurial attitudes and subjective entrepreneurial norms. The research findings indicate that gender moderation is more pronounced among females, with females exhibiting a more positive and significant influence on hypotheses five through seven. The results of the hypotheses show that entrepreneurial knowledge does not significantly influence entrepreneurial attitudes. However, the second hypothesis demonstrates a positive and significant relationship between entrepreneurial knowledge and subjective norms of entrepreneurship. Additionally, the third hypothesis highlights the positive impact of entrepreneurial attitudes on entrepreneurial interest. Finally, the fourth hypothesis suggests that entrepreneurial subjective norms significantly influence interest in entrepreneurship.
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References
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[8] Badan Pusat Statistik Indoensia. (2014). Keadaan ketenagakerjaan Februari 2023. Berita Resmi Statistik, 38: 1-5. https://www.bps.go.id/subject/6/tenaga-kerja.html#subjekViewTab3
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[14] Cooper, D. R., Schindler, P. S., Cooper, D. R., & Schindler, P. S. (2003). Business research methods. http://sutlib2.sut.ac.th/sut_contents/H139963.pdf
[15] Díaz-García, M. C., & Jiménez-Moreno, J. (2010). Entrepreneurial intention: the role of gender. International entrepreneurship and management journal, 6, 261-283. DOI 10.1007/s11365-008-0103-2
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[17] Firman, A., & Putra, A. H. P. K. (2020). The Effect of Social Media Utilization, Campus Environment and Entrepreneurship Knowledge on Student Entrepreneurial Interest. Point Of View Research Management, 1(4), 131-143. http://www.journal.accountingpointofview.id/index.php/POVREMA/article/view/101
[18] Hattab, H. W. (2014). Impact of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurial intentions of university students in Egypt. the Journal of Entrepreneurship, 23(1), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1177/0971355713513346
[19] Hassan, A., Saleem, I., Anwar, I., & Hussain, S. A. (2020). Entrepreneurial intention of Indian university students: the role of opportunity recognition and entrepreneurship education. Education+ Training, 62(7/8), 843-861. https://doi.org/10.1108/ET-02-2020-0033
[20] Iglesias-Sánchez, P. P., Jambrino-Maldonado, C., Velasco, A. P., & Kokash, H. (2016). Impact of entrepreneurship programmes on university students. Education+ Training, 58(2), 209-228. https://doi.org/10.1108/ET-01-2015-0004
[21] Jena, R. K. (2020). Measuring the impact of business management Student's attitude towards entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurial intention: A case study. Computers in Human Behavior, 107, 106275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2020.106275
[22] Kourilsky, M. L., & Walstad, W. B. (1998). Entrepreneurship and female youth: Knowledge, attitudes, gender differences, and educational practices. Journal of Business venturing, 13(1), 77-88. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-9026(97)00032-3
[23] Leff, N. H. (1978). Industrial organization and entrepreneurship in the developing countries: The economic groups. Economic development and cultural change, 26(4), 661-675. https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/451052
[24] Levie, J., Autio, E., Acs, Z., & Hart, M. (2014). Global entrepreneurship and institutions: an introduction. Small business economics, 42, 437-444. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-013-9516-6
[25] Liñán, F., Rodríguez-Cohard, J. C., & Rueda-Cantuche, J. M. (2011). Factors affecting entrepreneurial intention levels: a role for education. International entrepreneurship and management Journal, 7, 195-218. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-010-0154-z
[26] Maes, J., Leroy, H., & Sels, L. (2014). Gender differences in entrepreneurial intentions: A TPB multi-group analysis at factor and indicator level. European Management Journal, 32(5), 784-794. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2014.01.001
[27] Manjaly, N. B., Joseph, G., Nimmi, P. M., & KS, K. N. (2022). Entrepreneurial Intention of Indian Women University Students. Journal of Women's Entrepreneurship and Education, (3-4), 273-290.
[28] Messikh, A. (2021). The Entrepreneurial Intention of Algerian Women (a Sample Study of Skikda University Female Students). Journal of Women's Entrepreneurship and Education, (3-4), 134-150.
[29] Morozova, I. A., Popkova, E. G., & Litvinova, T. N. (2019). Sustainable development of global entrepreneurship: infrastructure and perspectives. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 15, 589-597. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-018-0522-7
[30] Muliadi, A., Mirawati, B., & Prayogi, S. (2021). The Effect Entrepreneurship Education and Subjective Norm on Biology Students’ Self-Efficacy in Entrepreneurial. Prisma Sains: Jurnal Pengkajian Ilmu dan Pembelajaran Matematika dan IPA IKIP Mataram, 9(1), 127-135. https://doi.org/10.33394/j-ps.v9i1.3981
[31] Mulyadi, D., Rosyidi, U., & Suryadi, S. (2019). Life skills education programs; the bridge to the employment of the poors. International Journal for Educational and Vocational Studies, 1(5), 434-439. https://doi.org/10.29103/ijevs.v1i5.1503
[32] Nastiti, T., Indarti, N., & Rostiani, R. (2010). Minat berwirausaha mahasiswa Indonesia dan Cina. Manajemen dan Bisnis, 9(2).
[33] Neuman, W. L., Nardi, P. M., Berg, B. L., Jackson, W., Varberg, N., Robson, K., ... & Turner, L. A. (2011). Research Methods in Communication. Pearson, London, UK.
[34] Nowiński, W., Haddoud, M. Y., Lančarič, D., Egerová, D., & Czeglédi, C. (2019). The impact of entrepreneurship education, entrepreneurial self-efficacy and gender on entrepreneurial intentions of university students in the Visegrad countries. Studies in Higher Education, 44(2), 361-379. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2017.1365359
[35] Packham, G., Jones, P., Miller, C., Pickernell, D., & Thomas, B. (2010). Attitudes towards entrepreneurship education: a comparative analysis. Education+ training, 52(8/9), 568-586. https://doi.org/10.1108/00400911011088926
[36] Rahman, M. M., Salamzadeh, A., & Tabash, M. I. (2022). Antecedents of entrepreneurial intentions of female undergraduate students in Bangladesh: a covariance-based structural equation modeling approach. Journal of Women's Entrepreneurship and Education, (1-2), 137-153.
[37] Ridha, R. N., & Wahyu, B. P. (2017). Entrepreneurship intention in agricultural sector of young generation in Indonesia. Asia pacific journal of innovation and entrepreneurship, 11(1), 76-89. https://doi.org/10.1108/APJIE-04-2017-022
[38] Santos, S. C., & Liguori, E. W. (2020). Entrepreneurial self-efficacy and intentions: Outcome expectations as mediator and subjective norms as moderator. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 26(3), 400-415. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-07-2019-0436
[39] Santoso, S. (2021). Relationship between Social Media, Organizational Support, Subjective Norms and Perceived Behavioral Control to Form Entrepreneurial Intention. Expert Journal of Business and Management, 9(1).
[40] Sanyang, S. E., & Huang, W. C. (2010). Entrepreneurship and economic development: The EMPRETEC showcase. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 6, 317-329. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-008-0106-z
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