Fostering Entrepreneurial Spirit: Impact of Incubation Activities on Female Students’ Entrepreneurial Intention
Main Article Content
Abstract
Women around the world continue to inspire in various professions and careers. Women's entrepreneurship is one such sphere that is rapidly expanding around the globe. With women's entrepreneurial activity reaching levels comparable to men and showing higher engagement at an early age—the entrepreneurial intentions of female students are a crucial area of research. The objective of this study is to ascertain the impact of entrepreneurial incubation on the entrepreneurial intention of female students in selected higher education institutions. The well-being of female students is important not only to their personal development and success but also to the collective success and reputation of an educational institution. The study employs descriptive research design and a stratified random sampling technique. The sample includes 250 female students from five NAAC and NIRF accredited colleges in the state of Tamil Nadu, and the data collected are analyzed statistically based on various tools like exploratory factor analysis, multiple correlation, regression analysis, and SEM. Results from the research recommends that entrepreneurial incubation activities need to be cultivated in every educational institution to nurture entrepreneurial intention among female students. This study attempts to establish the correspondence between various incubation activities and entrepreneurial intentions of female students in multiple institutions of higher education in Tamil Nadu.
Article Details

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Once the manuscript is accepted for publication, authors shall transfer the copyright to the publisher. If the submitted manuscript is not accepted for printing by the journal, the authors shall retain all their rights. The following rights on the manuscript are transferred to the publisher, including any supplementary materials and any parts, extracts or elements of the manuscript:
- the right to reproduce and distribute the manuscript in printed form, including print-on-demand;
- the right to print prepublications, reprints and special editions of the manuscript;
- the right to translate the manuscript into other languages;
- the right to reproduce the manuscript using photomechanical or similar means including, but not limited to photocopy, and the right to distribute these copies;
- the right to reproduce and distribute the manuscript electronically or optically using and all data carriers or storage media, and especially in machine readable/digitalized form on data carriers such as hard drive, CD-ROM, DVD, Blu-ray Disc (BD), Mini Disc, data tapes, and the right to reproduce and distribute the article via these data carriers;
- the right to store the manuscript in databases, including online databases, as well as the right to transmit the manuscript in all technical systems and modes;
- the right to make the manuscript available to the public or to closed user groups on individual demand, for use on monitors or other readers (including e-books), and in printable form for the user, either via the Internet, online service, or via internal or external networks.
Authors reserve the copyright to published articles and have the right to use the article in the same manner like third parties in accordance with the licence Attribution-Non-Commercial-Non-Derivate 4.0 International (CC BY NC ND). Thereby they must quote the basic bibliographic data of the source article published in the journal (authors, article title, journal title, volume, pagination).
References
[2] Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179–211.
[3] Anwar, I., Saleem, I., Islam, K. M. B., Thoudam, P., & Khan, R. (2020). Entrepreneurial intention among female university students: Examining the moderating role of entrepreneurial education. Journal of International Business and Entrepreneurship Development, 12(4), 217–234. https://doi.org/10.1504/JIBED.2020.10032497
[4] Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Prentice-Hall.
[5] Bhandari, P., Sigdel, B., Hye, A. M., Bhandari, S., & Bhattarai, A. (2024). Fostering women entrepreneurs: Psychological capital, psychological empowerment and entrepreneurial spirit. Journal of Women's Entrepreneurship and Education, (1-2), 1-18.
[6] Bøllingtoft, A., &Ulhøi, J. P. (2005). The networked business incubator—leveraging entrepreneurial agency? Journal of Business Venturing, 20(2), 265–290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2003.12.005
[7] Brush, C. G., Edelman, L. F., Manolova, T., & Welter, F. (2018). A gendered look at entrepreneurship ecosystems. Small Business Economics, 53(2), 393–408. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-018-9992-9
[8] Brush, C. G., Greene, P. G., & Welter, F. (2009). A gender-aware framework for women's entrepreneurship. International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship, 1(1), 8–24.
[9] Fayolle, A., &Gailly, B. (2015). The impact of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurial attitudes and intention: Hysteresis and persistence. Journal of Small Business Management, 53(1), 75–93. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsbm.12065
[10] Global Entrepreneurship Monitor Global Report (2022-23). https://www.gemconsortium.org/file/open?fileId=51380
[11] Gupta, V. K., Turban, D. B., Wasti, S. A., &Sikdar, A. (2009). The role of gender stereotypes in perceptions of entrepreneurs and intentions to become an entrepreneur. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 33(2), 397- 417. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2009.00296.x
[12] Henry, C., Foss, L., &Ahl, H. (2016). Gender and entrepreneurship research: A review of methodological approaches. International Small Business Journal, 34(3), 217–241. https://doi.org/10.1177/0266242614549779
[13] Kelley, D. J., Brush, C. G., Greene, P. G., & Litovsky, Y. (2017). Global Entrepreneurship Monitor: 2016/2017 Women’s Report. Global Entrepreneurship Research Association.
[14] Liñán, F., &Fayolle, A. (2015). A systematic literature review on entrepreneurial intentions: Citation, thematic analyses, and research agenda. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 11(4), 907–933. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-015-0356-5
[15] Maes, J., Leroy, H. & Sels, L. (2015). Gender differences in entrepreneurial intentions: A TPB multi-group analysis at factor and indicator level. European Management Journal. 32(5). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2014.01.001
[16] Manjaly, N. B., Joseph, G., & Kailash NadhK. S. (2022). Entrepreneurial Intention of Indian Women University Students. Journal of Women's Entrepreneurship and Education, (3-4), 273-290. https://doi.org/10.28934/jwee22.34.pp273-290
[17] Marlow, S., & McAdam, M. (2013). Gender and entrepreneurship: Advancing debate and challenging myths; exploring the mystery of the under-performing female entrepreneur. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior& Research, 19(1), 114–124. https://doi.org/10.1108/13552551311299288
[18] Marlow, S., & McAdam, M. (2015). Incubation or Induction? Gendered Identity Work in the Context of Technology Business Incubation. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 39(4), 791-816. https://doi.org/10.1111/etap.12062
[19] Nabi, G., Liñán, F., Fayolle, A., Krueger, N., &Walmsley, A. (2017). The impact of entrepreneurship education in higher education: A systematic review and research agenda. Academy of Management Learning & Education, 16(2), 277–299. https://doi.org/10.5465/amle.2015.0026
[20] Padmaja, R., &Madhooha, P. K. (2023). Promoting entrepreneurship in higher education: A study on strategies, outcomes, challenges, and opportunities in India. IOSR Journal of Business and Management, 25(8), 11-16. https://doi.org/10.9790/487X-2508081116
[21] Paunović, I., & Musial, J. (2024). Gender gap in entrepreneurial intention, reasoning, self-efficacy, and education preferences among university students: An entrepreneurial event theory perspective. Journal of Women's Entrepreneurship and Education, (3/4), 93-111.
[22] Rahman, M. M., Salamzadeh, A., & Tabash, M. I. (2022). Antecedents of entrepreneurial intentions of female undergraduate students in Bangladesh: a covariance-based structural equation modeling approach. Journal of Women's Entrepreneurship and Education, (1-2), 137-153.
[23] Shabnaz, S., & Islam, N. (2021). A study on entrepreneurial intention of university students in Bangladesh. International Business Research, 14(10), 13-24. https://doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v14n10p13
[24] Shinnar, R. S., Giacomin, O., & Janssen, F. (2012). Entrepreneurial perceptions and intentions: The role of gender and culture. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 36(3), 465–493. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2012.00509.x
[25] Wardana, L. W., Narmaditya, B. S., Wibowo, A., Mahendra, A. M., Wibowo, N. A., Harwida, G., &Rohman, A. N. (2020). The impact of entrepreneurship education and students' entrepreneurial mindset: The mediating role of attitude and self-efficacy. Heliyon, 6(6), e04922. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04922
[26] Wilson, F., Kickul, J., &Marlino, D. (2007). Gender, entrepreneurial self-efficacy, and entrepreneurial career intentions: Implications for entrepreneurship education. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 31(3), 387–406. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2007.00179.x
[27] Xanthopoulou, P., &Sahinidis, A. (2024). Students’ entrepreneurial intention and its influencing factors: A systematic literature review. Administrative Sciences, 14(98). https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci14050098