The Importance of Intensifying Mentorship Support to Women Digital Entrepreneurs in the Emerging Markets

Main Article Content

Radmila Miković
Mila Jovkić
Mirjana Dejanović
Marina Jovanović-Milenković

Abstract

Digital entrepreneurship has become an important driver of innovation, economic development, and employment in the modern economy. Women digital entrepreneurs, however, face numerous barriers in developing and scaling their businesses, including limited access to finance, insufficient information about support programmes, and persistent gender inequalities. Mentorship is increasingly recognised as a key mechanism for addressing these challenges by providing guidance, knowledge transfer, and access to professional networks. The aim of this study is to examine the role of mentorship in the development of women digital entrepreneurs in the Republic of Serbia. The study employs a mixed-method approach, combining quantitative and qualitative research methods. Quantitative data were collected at the end of 2024 through an online survey conducted among 54 women digital entrepreneurs and 23 mentors. In addition, qualitative data were obtained through semi-structured interviews with three mentors to provide deeper insights into mentoring practices and challenges. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistical methods, while qualitative data were analysed using thematic analysis. The results indicate that mentorship plays a significant role in strengthening entrepreneurial competencies, increasing confidence, and improving decision-making processes among women digital entrepreneurs. Furthermore, mentorship contributes to business performance and competitiveness by facilitating knowledge exchange, networking, and access to critical resources. A hybrid mentoring model, combining online and in-person interaction, emerged as the most effective approach, balancing flexibility with the need for personal engagement. The findings suggest that well-structured and accessible mentorship programmes can significantly contribute to the development, sustainability, and competitiveness of women's digital entrepreneurship in Serbia.

Article Details

Section

Articles

Author Biographies

Radmila Miković, University of Educons, Faculty of Project and Innovation Management

Associate Professor at the Project Management Department

Mila Jovkić, University of Educons, Faculty of Project and Innovation Management

MA in Project Management

Mirjana Dejanović, University of Educons, Faculty of Project and Innovation Management

Assistant Professor at the Project Management Department

 

Marina Jovanović-Milenković, University of Educons, Faculty of Project and Innovation Management

Full Professor at the Information and Technology Department

References

[1] Abdallah, F., Antonijević, M., Domazet, I. (2025). Determinants of Women's Financial Inclusion: Evidence from the Gulf and the Western Balkan Region, Journal of Women’s Entrepreneurship and Education, (3-4), 89-106. https://doi.org/10.28934/jwee25.34.pp95-112

[2] Acs, Z., Desai, S., & Hessels, J. (2008). Entrepreneurship, Economic Development and Institutions. Small Business Economics 31(3), 219-234. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-008-9135-9

[3] Antonijević, M., & Domazet, I. (2024, May). Relationship between Digital Financial Inclusion and Country Development. Proceedings 2024, 101(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024101010

[4] Antonijević, M., Domazet, I., Kojić, M., & Simović, V. (2024). Financial Inclusion – A Driving Force for Women's Entrepreneurship Development, Journal of Women's Entrepreneurship and Education, (3–4), 73–92. https://doi.org/10.28934/jwee24.34.pp73-92

[5] Apriyani, M., & Kustini, K. (2023). The influence of entrepreneurial competence and entrepreneurial knowledge on business success in MSMEs in Madiun City. Syntax Admiration, 4(6). https://doi.org/10.46799/jsa.v4i6.625

[6] Ateeq, A. (2024). Emerging Economies and Digital Transformation: Opportunities and Challenges. In: AlDhaen, E., Braganza, A., Hamdan, A., Chen, W. (eds) Business Sustainability with Artificial Intelligence (AI): Challenges and Opportunities. Studies in Systems, Decision and Control (568). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-71526-6_12

[7] Audretsch, D., Belitski, M., & Fiedler, A. (2025). The knowledge spillover theory of entrepreneurship and innovation: taking stock and new directions. Journal of Technololgy Transfer. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10961-025-10215-9

[8] Avlijaš, R., & Avlijaš, G. (2021). Preduzetništvo. Univerzitet Singidunum.

[9] Clutterbuck, D. (2004). Making the most of informal mentoring: A positive climate is key. Development and Learning in Organizations: An International Journal, 18(4), 16–17. https://doi.org/10.1108/14777280410544574

[10] Cull, J. (2006). Mentoring young entrepreneurs: What leads to success? International Journal of Evidence Based Coaching and Mentoring, 4(2).

[11] Dobrilović, M., Popović Šević, N., Ilić, M., & Hadžić, A. (2021). Female digital entrepreneurship and development of digital entrepreneurial competences in Serbia. ZINC Conference. https://doi.org/10.1109/ZINC52049.2021.9499266

[12] Germann, F., Anderson, S., Chintagunta, P., & Vilcassim, N. (2023). Breaking the Glass Ceiling: Empowering Female Entrepreneurs through Female Mentors. BFI Working paper. https://bfi.uchicago.edu/working-paper/breaking-the-glass-ceiling-empowering-female-entrepreneurs-through-female-mentors/

[13] Hechavarria, D., Guerrero, M., Terjesen, S., & Grady, A. (2024). The implications of economic freedom and gender ideologies on women's opportunity-to-necessity entrepreneurship. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 30(7), 1614–1651. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-04-2023-0429

[14] Ilić, M., Ranković, M., Janić, L., & Mitić, B. (2020). Indicators of Entrepreneurial Behaviour and Attitudes for Entrepreneurs of Slovenia and Croatia, in 2018/2019. Journal of Economic Development, Environment and People, 9(1), 6-16.

[15] Jovanovic Milenković M., & Petrovic F. (2023), The Impact of Digitization on the Formation of a New Model for Geospatial Data. Sustainability, 15(22), 16009. https://doi.org/10.3390/su152216009

[16] Jovkić, M., & Miković, R. (2025). Mentoring networks as a form of collective intelligence in digital women’s entrepreneurship. In Proceedings of the 29th International Congress on Project Management “Collective Intelligence of Professional Project Management” (pp. 93–100). (5–7 June 2025).

[17] Krstić, J., Reljić, M., & Filipović, S. (2019). Factors influencing electricity consumption: a review of research methods. Management: Journal of Sustainable Business and Management Solutions in Emerging Economies, 24(2), 13–22. https://doi.org/10.7595/management.fon.2018.0021

[18] Lall, A. S., Chen, L., & Mason, P. D. (2022). Digital platforms and entrepreneurial support. Small Business Economics,61(2), 631-654. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-022-00704-8

[19] Lazarević-Moravčević, M., Mosurović Ružičić, M., & Minović, J. (2023). Gender Inequality in Education and Science: The Case of Serbia. Journal of Women's Entrepreneurship and Education, (3-4), 143-166. https://doi.org/10.28934/jwee23.34.pp143-166

[20] Malone, T. W., & Bernstein, M. S. (2015). Handbook of collective intelligence. MIT Press.

[21] Marjanović J., Domazet I., Miljković J., (2023), Higher Education Branding through Instrumental Values, Journal of Women’s Entrepreneurship and Education, (3-4), 75-94. https://doi.org/10.28934/jwee23.34.pp75-94

[22] Megginson, D., Clutterbuck, D., Garvey, B., Stokes, P., & Garret Harris, R. (2006). Mentoring in action. Kogan Page.

[23] Miković, R., Arsić, B., & Gligorijević, Đ. (2024). Importance of social capital for knowledge acquisition– DeepLIFT learning from international development projects, Information Processing and Management, 61(2024). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ipm.2024.103694

[24] Miković, R., Arsić, B., Gligorijević, Đ., Gacić, M., Petrović, D., & Filipović, N. (2019b). The influence of social capital on knowledge management maturity of nonprofit organizations - predictive modelling based on a multilevel analysis. IEEE Access, 7(1), 47929-47943. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2909812

[25] Miković, R., Čabarkapa, O., Viduka, B., & Berić, I. (2022). Social capital featrues navigating the quality of quality of knowledge management process in project-oriented organizations. International Journal for Quality Research, 17(4), 1011-1024. https://doi.org/10.24874/IJQR17.04-03

[26] Miković, R., Petrović, D., Mihić, M., Obradović, V., & Todorović, M. (2020). Integration of social capital and knowledge management – the key challenge for international development and cooperation projects of nonprofit organizations. International Journal of Project Management, 38(8), 515-533. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2020.07.006

[27] Miković, R., Petrović, D., Mihić, M., Obradović, V., & Todorović, M. (2019a): Examining the relationship between social capital and knowledge usage in the nonprofit industry, Knowledge Management Research and Practice, 17(3), 328-339. https://doi.org/10.1080/14778238.2019.1638740

[28] Ngalesoni, O., Mwakifwamba, G., & Pandisha, H. (2024). The Effectiveness of Mentoring Programs on Empowering Women Entrepreneurs in Tanzania: A Case of Babati District Council. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Project Management, 9(2)1-16. Popović Šević, N., Ilić, M., & Stojaković, D. (2020). Marketing pristup ženskom preduzetništvu u kreativnim industrijama Srbije. Zbornik radova godišnji naučni skup Umetnost, mediji, komunikacije: novi pristupi, nove paradigme. Beograd: Fakultet savremenih umetnosti.

[29] Prastyaningtyas, E., Sutrisno, S., Soeprajitno, E., Ausat, A., & Suherlan, S. (2023). Analysing the role of mentors in entrepreneurship education. Journal on Education, 5(4), 14571-14577. https://doi.org/10.31004/joed.v3i2.207

[30] Shaver, K. (2010). The Social Psychology of Entrepreneuriral Behavior. In Acs, J., Z., & Audretsch, D., B. (Eds.). Handbook of entrepreneurship research, An interdisciplinary survey and introduction. International handbook series on entrepreneurship, Vol 5 (pp. 359–388). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1191-9

[31] Siegrist, F. (2022) Supporting Women Entrepreneurs in Developing Countries: What Works? Women Entrepreneurs Finance Initiative. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/entities/publication/e0c95a0e-ea36-4eea-803f-bee02c749b8c

[32] Simović, V., & Domazet, I. (2021). An Overview of the Frameworks for Measuring the Digital Competencies of College Students: A European Perspective. In: Stagnancy issues and change initiatives for global education in the digital age. IGI Global, Hershey, PA, pp. 259-282.

[33] Simović, V., & Ilić, M. (2021). Digitalno preduzetništvo. Beograd: Institut ekonomskih nauka.

[34] Stenholm, P., Acs, Z., & Wuebker, R. (2013). Exploring country-level institutional arrangements on the rate and type of entrepreneurial activity. Journal of Business Venturing, 28(1), 176-193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2011.11.002

[35] UN Women. (2023). Preduzetništvo žena u Srbiji: 10 godina kasnije. https://www.unwomen.org/en/news/stories/2023/03/feature-serbia-women-entrepreneurship-10-years-later

[36] UNDP. (2022). Mentorship as a key to success: Women entrepreneurs from regions to benefit from UNDP mentorship programme. https://www.undp.org/serbia/publications

[37] Valerio, A., Parton, B., & Robb, A. (2014). Entrepreneurship education and training programs around the world. World Bank https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/18268

[38] Wanberg, C. R., Welsh, E. T., & Hezlett, S. A. (2003). Mentoring research: A review and dynamic process model. Research in Personnel and Human Resources Management, 22, 39–124. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0742-7301(03)22002-0

[39] Willie, M. M., & Magubane, M. (2023). Exploring the role of mentorship and business development support in the success of SMMEs in South Africa. Preprint. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.19088.38405